空间计量与脉冲星导航

以脉冲星导航技术为背景,讨论了空间计量理论中时间测量的关键问题。首先介绍了脉冲星导航的基本原理,和不同坐标系之间的时间尺度转换,比较了不同坐标系时间轴度规对脉冲星的脉冲轮廓测量的影响,说明只有太阳系质心坐标时能够正确测量脉冲轮廓。进而介绍了空间计量提出的两种时间统一的模式:地球卫星导航模式和脉冲星导航模式。以脉冲星导航为例,讨论了基于SI秒绝对定义和太阳系质心坐标时的广域时间统一的方法,给出用航天器原时坐标轴伸缩法修正多普勒效应的公式。最后提出在大尺度广域时空中构建新的守时系统—太阳系质心守时系统的设计思路。     

高空长航时无人机用涡扇发动机技术分析

为了研制能在高空稳定工作、且耗油率低的、高空长航时用的涡扇发动机,借助数值计算和试验数据,对此类发动机在高空工作时,其压缩系统、燃烧系统、涡轮、控制系统、润滑系统和内部空气系统所遇到的问题作了较为系统、深入的探讨和分析。结果表明,高空低Re使压缩系统、燃烧系统和涡轮性能下降,控制系统必须调整所有与飞行高度有关的参数,滑油箱压力、油泵气蚀和滑油冷却问题必须予以考虑,内部空气系统会影响冷却和封严效果。对每一个问题都提出了相应的解决办法。     

固液混合火箭发动机仿真与优化设计

建立了固液混合火箭发动机的仿真模型和相应的单目标和多目标优化模型,编制了系统仿真程序;采用差分进化算法针对不同的优化目标对发动机的参数进行优化;针对挤压式系统建立了质量模型,在优化过程中考虑了主要部件结构质量对发动机性能的影响;针对固液发动机常用的侧面燃烧药柱编制了内弹道计算程序。以药柱几何参数、氧化剂流量、燃烧室平均工作压强和喷管扩张比等参数为设计变量,对发动机平均比冲、总质量、关机时飞行速度和密度比冲等性能参数进行优化,在Pareto分析的基础上选择了氧化剂流量、燃烧室平均工作压强和喷管扩张比对发动机性能的影响作了深入研究;最后对某型固液发动机进行了优化分析。     

构建民用航空产品研制工程技术体系的探讨

从商用航空产品市场客户特性决定了商用航空产品产业链向下游延伸的事实出发,说明商用航空产品研制的工程技术体系不应该简单借用军用产品研制的经验,而要从全产业链的工程技术活动出发,创建适合自身需求的新的工程技术体系,特别是在数字化时代,对产品数据包和产品研制数据流动要有新的认识,以求更科学有效地涵盖产品全寿命期,以包括设计、制造和服务三大技术分体系在内的产品工程技术体系运作来替代传统意识下的仅以设计为内涵的产品研制技术体系运作,保障商用航空产品研制的成功。     

Snow-covered lake ice in GPS multipath reception – Theory and measurement

Speculary reflected signals from the ground can significantly affect the performance of Global Positioning System receivers. For this type of multipath condition, the received powers are primarily the sum of the speculary reflected and direct signals. These reflected signals can provide useful information about the land-surface composition. In this paper, we discuss the special case of a snow-covered frozen lake, with incident energy at 1.57542 GHz with right-hand circularly polarization at elevation angles between 2° and 40°. The relative received powers are computed and measured for various thicknesses of lake ice. The received powers for both theory and measurement have the same behavior throughout a range of elevation angles. The potential for inferring lake ice thickness is explored for a snow-covered lake ice case study.     

Estimation of precipitable water vapour from GPS measurements in Argentina: Validation and qualitative analysis of results

This paper presents PWV estimates from GPS data computed at four continuously operated GPS stations in Argentina established at Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Rosario and Salta over a 1 year period (2006–2007). The objective is to analyze the behaviour of the GPS PWV estimation using mean tropospheric temperature (_Tm$T_m$) values from the Bevis model, Sapucci model and obtained by a numerical integration of variables provided by the operational analysis of the National Centre of Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The results are validated using PWV values from nearest radio soundings. Moreover, a comparison between PWV values determined from microwave sensors deployed on the NOAA-18 satellite and PWV from GPS observations is also presented.     

Analytical long-term evolution and perturbation compensation models for BeiDou MEO satellites

The current paper establishes the analytical models of the long-term evolution and perturbation compensation strategy for Medium Earth Orbits(MEO)shallow-resonant navigation constellation,with application to the Chinese Bei Dou Navigation Satellite System(BDS).The long-term perturbation model for the relative motion is developed based on the Hamiltonian model,and the long-term evolution law is analyzed.The relationship between the control boundary of the constellation and the offset of the orbital elements is analyzed,and a general analytical method for calculating the offset of the orbit elements is proposed.The analytical model is further improved when the luni-solar perturbations are included.The long-term evolutions of the BDS MEO constellation within 10 years are illustrated,and the effectiveness of the proposed analytical perturbation compensation calculation approach is compared with the traditional numerical results.We found the fundamental reason for the nonlinear variations of the relative longitude of ascending node and the mean argument of latitude is the long-periodic variations of the orbital inclination due to the luni-solar perturbations.The proposed analytical approach can avoid the numerical iterations,and reveal the essential relationship between the orbital element offsets and the secular drifts of the constellation configuration.Moreover,there is no need for maintaining the BDS MEO constellation within 10 years while using the perturbation compensation method.     

北斗卫星导航系统空间信号用户测距误差计算方法研究

按照空间信号用户测距误差（UserRangeError,URE）定义,参考GPS标准定位服务性能规范中URE的计算方法,结合北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）多星混合星座类型,在考虑仰角限制情况下,详细推导了适用于BDS的瞬时URE和均方根URE计算公式。利用广播星历和精密星历计算的卫星轨道误差和卫星钟钟差,带入所推导的公式,对BDSURE进行分析评估;并使用GNSS接收机原始观测量和伪距观测方程计算BDSURE,最后将两种计算结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明,两种方法BDSURE的计算结果基本一致,在95%置信度情况下均小于2.5m,满足北斗公开服务性能规范中对空间信号URE的基本要求。     

航天工程系统集成模型和策略研究

系统集成是系统工程的重要组成部分,决定着大型工程系统的成败.航天工程是典型的大型工程系统,系统集成过程环节多且关系复杂,经常发生因系统集成不合理而导致整个工程计划延误或性能指标降低的情况,严重影响了工程效用的发挥.本文探讨了航天工程系统集成模型的建立和策略的设计;分析了系统集成的两种典型模型和策略;通过示例研究了航天工程系统集成模型的建立和策略的设计.      

人造毛皮机微电脑控制器的设计与实现

本文介绍一种新型的人造毛皮机微电脑控制系统，文中详细介绍控制系统的组成，工作原理及软件设计，该控制系统采用微电脑技术和步进电机技术帝现了对各梳理头喂毛量的精确控制，以确保毛皮的均匀性和质量，同时系统还具备各种自停报警功能的统计功能。